Noun phrase

Noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun

Remember that...


There are more nouns in the English Language than any other kind of words.
see the Noun examples

• Persons: girl, boy, instructor, student, Mr. Smith, Peter, president
• Animals: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear, flea
• Places: gym, store, school, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, village, Europe
• Things: computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, bush, tree, cornflakes
• Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge, compassion, worship

The Functions of Nouns in Sentences

1. Subject of the sentence
2. Predicate Noun (also Predicate Nominative or Subjective Complement)
3. Appositive (noun in apposition)
4. Direct object of a verb
5. Indirect object of a verb
6. Object of the preposition
7. Object Complement (Objective Complement)

Gerunds can also be classified as noun

For example:
I like swimming
The word ‘swimming’
is a gerund

HOW DO WE identify noun phrases in the sentences?
GUYS,…

Today we are learning about NOUN PHRASES

WELL, LET’S SEE …

PHRASES
A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.

A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, and other nouns in the possessive case.
Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following ...

Subject

Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.

Object of a verb 

They have found Eugene's goal.


Object of a preposition 

The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring break up.

Subject complement 

Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.

Object complement 

I consider Loki my favourite cat.

Passive voice

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.


When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes by Agent in the passive sentence (or is dropped)
• Only active sentence containing object which can be changed into passive form
• The two forms should have the same tenses

AGENT (OR BY AGENT)

IN A PASSIVE CLAUSE, WE USUALLY USE A PHRASE BEGINNING WITH BY IF WE WANT TO MENTION THE AGENT - THE PERSON OR THING THAT DOES THE ACTION, OR THAT CAUSES WHAT HAPPENS.
EXAMPLES:
MY MOTHER MAKES THE SANDWICH EVERY MORNING.

SUBJECT VERB1+S/ES O C (ADV. OF TIME)

THE SANDWICH IS MADE BY MY MOTHER EVERY MORNING.


SUBJECT O BE+V3 AGENT C (ADV. OF TIME)



WHAT ABOUT OTHER TENSES?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS : [ S + TO BE + BEING +V3 (PAST PARTICIPLE)
PRESENT PERFECT: [ S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + V3 (PAST PARTICIPLE)

Here are the examples:

1. A young boy is catching a butterfly.
2. A butterfly is being caught by a young boy.

• Yano has returned the book to the library.

• The book has been returned to the library by Yano.

Next,
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:

1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence

 FOR INSTANCE:

John is giving his girl-friend a bunch of flower.
indirect object direct object

Passive: The indirect object as the subject
John’s girl-friend is being given a bunch of flower
or
Passive: The direct object as the subject
A bunch of flower is being given to John’s girl-friend

Hey, how about the negative and interrogative?
Take a look at the followings:

People don’t use bikes anymore
Bikes are not used anymore
Did the students play the cards in the class yesterday?
Were the cards played in the class yesterday?

SOME EXAMPLES (SIMPLE PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE) FOR YOU…

 Some students open the book silently during the examination (active)
 The books are opened silently by some students during the examination. (passive)

 Ku Klux Klan killed many innocent people.
 Many innocent people were killed by Ku Klux Klan

 Sting will perform the 2nd world tour in Indonesia
 The 2nd world tour will be performed by Sting in Indonesia

OFFERING

The expression of “ Would you like….”is normally used for offering something to someone.
Dhina: Would you like a fried rice Yen?
Yensy : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm…that is my favourite food.
Zean : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.


Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of tea, Fivi?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. john?
* Would you care some salad?

Ofering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself

Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don’t you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?Declining an offering
* No, thanks
.* No, really won’t, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.

Accepting an offering:
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I’d like it very much
* That would be very nice

VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

Other Rooms

Attic	People store things in the attic.
Ballroom	A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room	A small room used for storage.
Cellar	Underneath the house.
Cloakroom	A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory	A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room	A room where people eat.
Drawing Room	A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room	A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall	The entrance passage to a house.
Larder	A small room used for the storage of food.
Library	A room where books are kept.
Lounge	Another name for living room.
Music Room	A room where people play music.
Office	A room where people work.
Pantry	A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour	Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room	Another name for living room.
Spare Room/ Guest Room	A room where guests sleep.
Toilet	A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room	A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Things you may find around the house

light bulb(s)	plug(s)	socket(s)	torch(es)
ceiling light(s)	lamp(s)	curtain(s)
	shelf (shelves)	(tele)phone(s)	box(es)
plug(s)	battery (batteries)	photo(graph)(s)

Naturally Speaking
Click on the words to hear the pronunciation


Dialogue
Here is a conversation between Mrs Smith (Joan) and husband Steve.

It’s Saturday and Joan and Steve are decorating.
Joan	Steve, you missed a bit.
Steve	Where?
Joan	Here, on the wall just by the window, you can see a patch of white.
Steve	Oh yes, I see it. It’s difficult in this light.
Joan	I know, well at least we have finished this room, only five more to go.
Steve	Are you sure you want to put wallpaper up in the lounge?
Joan	Yes, but don’t worry, I’m really good at wallpapering. I just wish that John would decide on what he wants his room doing in.
Steve	I know, it’s difficult when you’re a boy. At least he’s grown out of Star Wars, I keep thinking he’ll ask for red and black or something equally gruesome.
Joan	Yes, but it is his room. I’m glad we decided not to move though. Maybe we should think about building an extension to the kitchen instead.
Steve	One thing at a time please! Lets get this decorating over and done with first.
Joan	Ha! Oh by the way you missed a bit by the door too!
Steve	Hmmm, thanks. Here’s a brush

Asking if someone remember

Formal expressions:

- I wonder if you remember…..
- You remember…., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten…., have you?
- Don’t you remember…..?
- Do you happen to remember it now?

 

Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.

 

Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember

 

Ways to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know…..
- It’s coming back to me now.Respond if you forget:
- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
- I’m affraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

repositions of Time: at, in, on

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
We use:

• at for a PRECISE TIME
• in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• on for DAYS and DATES

at	in	on
PRECISE TIME	MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS	DAYS and DATES
at 3 o’clock	in May	on Sunday
at 10.30am	in summer	on Tuesdays
at noon	in the summer	on 6 March
at dinnertime	in 1990	on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime	in the 1990s	on Christmas Day
at sunrise	in the next century	on Independence Day
at sunset	in the Ice Age	on my birthday
at the moment	in the past/future	on New Year’s Eve

Look at these examples:

• I have a meeting at 9am.
• The shop closes at midnight.
• Jane went home at lunchtime.
• In England, it often snows in December.
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
• Do you work on Mondays?
• Her birthday is on 20 November.
• Where will you be on New Year’s Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression	Example
at night	The stars shine at night.
at the weekend	I don’t usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter	I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time	We finished the test at the same time.
at present	He’s not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

in	on
in the morning	on Tuesday morning
in the mornings	on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)	on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)	on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

• I went to London last June. (not in last June)
• He’s coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
• I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
• We’ll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

FINITE VERB

Finite Verb

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tenses according to the ruler and categories of languages in which it occurs.

· Finite verb can form “Indenpendent Clause” which constand by their own as complete sentences

· An Independent clause is a complete sentences it contain the main subject and verb of asentences

· In English only verb in contain mob the finite.These includes.

→ Indicate mood : expressing state of appairs in indicative mood finite verb is must used verb.

Example : Elis is going to shop

→ Imperative mood , giving a command

example : Help me please !!!

Don't do that !!!

Verb – Finite / Non Finite

Finite Verb

A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural)

For example :

I lived in Germany. (I is the subject-lived describes what the subject did-lived is a finite verb).

Non-Finite Verbs

A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinite (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.

For example :

I lived in Germany to improve my German.(To improve is in the infinite form-improve is non-finite).

NOUN PHRASES

A noun phrase (NP) is a phrase whose head is a noun or a pronoun, optionally accompanied by a set of modifiers.
This means that one noun or pronoun can be grammatically functioned as NP.
For the NP modifer, there are 2 kinds considering by its position:
1. pre-modifier (modifier which is placed before the noun)
2. post-modifier (modifier which is placed after the noun)
The NP pattern is simple in normal sentence and imperative mood, but it’s much harder in question form with inversion.



For English:
1) pre-modifier (modifier which is placed before the noun)
1.1) Adjective
1. Opinion or judgment — beautiful, ugly, easy, fast, interesting
2. Size — small, tall, short, big
3. Age — young, old, new, historic, ancient
4. Shape — round, square, rectangular
5. Color — red, black, green, purple
6. Nationality — French, Asian, American, Canadian, Japanese
7. Material — wooden, metallic, plastic, glass, paper
8. Purpose or Qualifier — foldout (sofa), fishing (boat), racing (car)

For an adjective, it is allowed to have several adjectives modifying one head noun, but their relative order is fixed to a certain degree following the given orders respectively, e.g., beautiful long curved old red Italian steel racing car.
1.2) Determiner which includes
– articles (the, a)
– demonstratives (this, that)
– numerals (two, 5)
– possessives (my, their)
– quantifiers (some, many)

For a determiner, one unit can be used once for a certain NP. However, the rule is dismissed in case of royal usage, e.g., his majesty the king.
1.3) Noun
– some noun can be placed before another noun as a modifier such as university student, tiger hunting, etc. This include noun with possessive marker ’s such as Nurse’s uniform.
2) post-modifier (modifier which is placed after the noun)
2.1) Prepositional phrase (PP)
– PP here includes an NP after the head preposition (in the box) in = preposition | the box = NP
2.2) Relative Clause (RC)
– Not all RCs are able to modify NP but adjective clause.
Check this out!
(1) I don’t care who he is.
(2) I don’t care her who doesn’t love me.
Only example (2) is an adjective clause since the clause with relative marker is functioned as an adjective to modify pronoun “her”.
In example (1), the clause is function as an object of the sentence so it is called a noun clause and it is not concerned as a post modifier to NP.
Here is all possible NP modifiers in English.
!Note that adjective and determiner can occur together, but a determiner always positions on the leftmost. Moreover, both of them can only modify a noun, not a personal pronoun.
!!Another note that adjective clause modifies the immediate noun, e.g., “the book on the table which is burnt” = “which is burnt” modifies

SIMPLE FUTURE

Simple Future Tense used to express occurrence/activity to happened/to be  done in the future,do 10 minutes or 1 hour to come ,tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,next week,next month ,next year,and so on.If past tenses express occurrence/activity after now ( time past ) ,tenses future simple express occurrence /activity before now.
( time future).

 Positive Tenses
Pattern :

• S + will+ verb₁+ O+ modifier
• S + ( is,are.am ) + going + verb₁+ O+ modifier
• S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb₁ + ing ) + O + modifier

emhh .. example for positive tenses... let us look again:  :

• Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month
• Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester.
• Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning.

Negative Tense
Pattern :

• S + will + not + verb₁+ O + modifier
• S +{ ( is,are,am ) going to }+ not +verb₁ + O + modifier
• S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb₁ + ing ) + O + modifier

emhh .. next example for negative tenses... let us look again:  : :

• Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month
• Transpiration will not start to increase tonight
• He will not be very happy when he finds out.

Question
Pattern :

• • Will + S + verb₁+ O + modifier
  • Will + S + { ( is,are,am ) going to }+ O + modifier
  • Will + S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb₁ + ing ) + O + modifier
  emhh .. next example for question tenses... let us look again:  : :
  
• • • Will farmers in Jati in Bali grow rice crops next month ?
    • Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning  ?
    • Will he be very happy when he finds out ?

NEWS ITEM

  

News Item: is factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure:
a) Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
b) Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
c) Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.
Significant Grammar Features:
a. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
b. Generally using Simple Past Tense
c. Use of Material Processes to retell the event
d. Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
e. Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
f. focus on Circumstances
g. Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages
There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
Example: Town ‘Contaminated’
Complete Sentence: Town is contaminated.
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
Example: Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004
Complete Sentence: Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
Example: World Heading for Energy Crisis
Complete Sentence: The world is heading for an energy crisis.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
Example: Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete Sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa.
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.
Example: More earthquakes in Japan.
Complete Sentence: More earthquakes happened in Japan.

INTRODUCTORY IT

When the subjective is an infinitive phrase
We begin a sentence with it when the real subject is an infinitive phrase. So instead of saying, ‘To accept your advice is difficult’, we say, ‘It is difficult to accept your advice’.

Structure: It + verb + subject complement + infinitive phrase (real subject)

* It is easy to learn English. (= To learn English is easy.)
* It is easy to find fault with others. (= To find fault with others is easy.)
* It is difficult to know his motive. (= To know his motive is difficult.)
* It is difficult to find a good job during these troubled times.
* It is dangerous to play with fire.
* It could be dangerous to drive so fast.


Note that when we wish to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning, especially when it is short.

* To err is human. (OR It is human to err.)
* To become a well known writer was his life-long ambition. (OR It was his lifelong ambition to become a well known writer.)
* To invest all your money in shares is foolish. (OR It is foolish to invest all your money in shares.)


When the subject is a gerund phrase
When the real subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. So instead of saying ‘Your trying to fool us is no good’, we say, ‘It is no good your trying to fool us.’

* It won’t be any good complaining to the manager. (Complaining to the anager won’t be any good.)
* It is silly throwing away this opportunity. (Throwing away this opportunity is silly.)
* Will it be any good my talking to him about it? (Will my talking to him about it be any good)
* It is no fun having so many children to look after. (Having so many children to look after is no fun.)

Note that it is possible to change the gerund into an infinitive.
It won’t be any good for me to complain to the manager.
It is silly (for you) to throw away this opportunity.
Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

in your daily life you you woul never describe about something what is its colour, his/her colour hair, his/her colour skin and etc. This is part of desriptive text guys.

Means of Desriptive text :

A text purpose to decribe something e.g particular , person , and others.

A text certainly have  generic structure. And this is Generic structure of Desriptive text :Identification : Introduction where or who is the subject being described.
Description : The supporting part of the paragraph to describe in detail to assist the reader to “see” and “feel” the subject, for example, the quality, appearance, uses, habits, and etc

 

tou can decribe about something.

 

example of desriptive text :

The horse is pretty and faithful animal to its master. Horses are found almost all over the world. Its body is covered with bright and short hair. There are many kind of horses in the world. They differ in size and colour. They horses is very clever. It sleeps standing and can run fast. Screensaver ofhorse is looks very nice.

While in language function, descriptive writing;

• Aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is like
• Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives and adverbs.
• Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to the main purpose of the description.
• Sensory description-what is heard, seen, smelt, felt, tasted.Precise use of adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. their noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
• Strong development of the experience that “put the reader there” focuses on key details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.

Beyond the characteristics stated on, descriptive writing also consists of generic structure in range as:

1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing

The description text has dominant language features as follows:

1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech : refers to reproducing another persons extract word. We use quotation marks (" ")


Example of Direct Speech :

1. LIna said, “I’m very busy .”
2. They said, “We have bought a picture.”
3. He said, “I am learning my lesson.”
4. Lisa says, “I got the first prize.”
5. You said, “I will come to help him.”
6. Jalu will say, “I will do my best.” 

 

Indirect speech : refers to reproducing the idea of another persons word.
Indirect speech have 3 kinds.
There are 3 kinds of indirect speech :

1. Imperrative (command/request)
2. interrogative (question)
3. Declarative (statement)

Example :

1. Imperrative (command / request)

Direct : Mrs. Rika said to Dina, "Don't wory about it."
Indirect : Mrs. Rika told Dina not to wory about it.

2. Interrogative (question)

Direct : Risa asked to Nico, "Are you a journalist?"
Indirect : Risa asked if / whether He was journalist.

3. Declarative (statement)

Direct : Mr. Simsons said, "I worked hard yesterday."
Indirect : Mr. Simsons said that he worked hard the day before.

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

MODALS

1 . Could + Verb base

>>      To offer suggestions or possibilities

Example:          

Uni      :  Oh, no! I left my shorts.

Bo      : Don’t worry You could borrow my shorts.

 

Shinchan  : I’m having trouble with English.

Kazao : Why don’t you ask Tess? Perhaps she could help you.

>>      To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.

Example: 

Nobita  : Ras, can you climb the coconut tree?

Shizuka     : Well… I could climb coconut tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.

Moro      : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?

Grandpa   : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.

>>      To express polite requests

Example:   

*      Could I borrow your pencil (please)?

*      Could you lend me your jacket now?

*      Could you please close the door?

*      Could you pass the salt?

2.    Would + Verb base

>>      For an action that was repeated regularly in the past

Example:          

*      When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.

*      On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.

>>      Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences

Example:          

Troy     :  What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?

Ryan    :  I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Gabriella  :  Which country would you rather visit?

Sharpay    :  I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.

>>      To express polite requests

Example:          

Nick       :  Would you mind cycling with me, Selena?

Selena    :  No, not at all. It would be nice.

Joey     : Would you please pass the helmet, Mary?

Mary   :  No problem.

3. Should + Verb base

>>      To give definite advice (advisability)

Example:          

Mom      : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?

Mitchie  : I will, Mom.

Joe       : You should paint your door, Kevin. It looks terrible.

Kevin   : Yes, I know I should.

>>      To express the subject’s obligation or duty:

Example:          

*      You should practice for more than an hour.  (to musical friend)

*      They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.

*      Application should be sent before March 25^th.

4. Might + Verb base

>>      To tell possibilities

Example:          

Nick     :   Where is Joe?

Kevin   :   He might be in the studio with Stella.

 

>>      To express polite requests

Example:          

Demi   : Might I borrow your coat?

Miley   : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Hannah for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.

ASKING FOR SOMETHING

 

 

 

formal expressions
* I wonder if you remember.....
* You remember...., don’t you?
* You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
* Don’t you remember.....?
* Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
* Let me think, yes, I remember.
* I remember especially the scenery.
* I’ll never forget that
* I’ll always remember.
* I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
* Remember the old house we used to live in?
* Remember that?
* I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:
* Hold on. Yes, got it!
* I know.....
* It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
* Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
* I’m afraid I forget.
* I really can’t remember.
* I’m afraid I have no memory of him
* Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
* Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

 

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...

· I'm calling about...
Construction
Formula

Question
Word

Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

Formula

Gerund (-ing)

Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat

Formula

Noun

Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.

Formula used only
on the telephone

Question
Word

Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.

Formula used only
on the telphone

Noun

Example Finish

SURPRISES & DISBELIEFS

this is Expressing if you see someone can do it what you cant do.

This is means of it :

Surprises and Disbeliefs is expression that used to express something that we can’t believe or impossible.

 

 

 

Kind of Surprises and Disbeliefs expression are :

o What a surprises?
o That’s very surprising!
o Really?
o Oh, no…………..
o Are you serious?
o What?
o That’s unbeliefable!
o Fancy that!
o You’re kidding!
o I find that hard to believe.

Surprising amazement of something :

- Fantastic!
- How marvellous/beautiful!
- It’s very interesting!
- It’s great!
- It’s terrific!
- Wow, that’s amazing!
- Wonderful!
- What a nice……
- What a lovely flower!
- Hey, that’s really terrific!

GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

 

for example :

Some expression of gratitude:

·      Thank you very much

·      Thank you for your help

·      I’m really very grateful to you

·      You’re welcome

·      Don’t mention it

·      It’s a pleasure / My pleasure

·      I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)

·      I am grateful to your help

Responding gratitude:

·      It was the least I could do.

·      You’re welcome

·      No big deal.

·      Don’t mention it.

·      It’s a pleasure.

·      That’s alright.

·      Any time.

You give a compliment when his or her looks good , when his/her get a high score and when someone get a nice something or etc.

This is means of compliment :
Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will.

Can you mention the example ? 
OK i will tell it for you all :
Usually when give compliment you give your thumb for what you see :

Example : 

Some expressions of compliment:

·       What a nice dress!

·       You look great.

·       You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.

·       I really must express my admiration for your dance.

·       Good grades!

·       Excellent!

·       Nice work!

·       Good job!

congratulation is an expression taht we use to givethe congratulation whe he/she succed doing something.

Some expressions of congratulations:

·      Congratulations!

·      Congratulations on your success!

·      I must congratulate you.

·      Congrats! Finally, your dream comes true!

·      Please accept my warmest congratulations.

·      I’d like to be the first to congratulate you.

Expression of congratulations in special events:

·      Happy birthday!

·      Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!

·      Merry Christmas!

·      Happy New Year!

·      Happy Valentine!

·      Happy anniversary!