Karenhapuck: 2012

Senin, 03 Desember 2012

Persuading and Encouraging, Preventing Someone from Doing Something

persuading is expressions to make someone agree to do something, make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to do it or by talking to them and making them believe it. the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, with anything that moves the mind.

Expressions of Persuading :

* Come on.
* Give it a try.
* Try them on.
* Believe me, you’ll have fun times.
* Don’t be a spoilsport.
* It will be fun, I’m sure.
* You’ll enjoy it. Go.
* You won’t regret it.
* This is once in your lifetime, don’t waste it.
* It’s your only chance, try it.
* You wouldn’t find them twice, come on!
* You’ll never feel sorry about it.

• Would it be possible for you to …?
• Won't you …, please?
• Why don't you …?
• Please!
• Not even for me/for my sake?
• Just this once!
• You're not going to let me down, are you?
• How I can persuade you to …?
• Could you/Couldn't you be persuaded …?

Encouraging

encouraging is expressions to making someone feel more confidence, to make someone more likely to do something, to talk or behave in a way that gives someone confidence, motivate, give courage to do something.

Expressions of Encouraging :

You're coming along well
Keep up the good work
That's a good effort
That's a real improvement
You're on the right lines
Keep going
Come on, you can do
Give it your best shot
What have you got to lose?
If at first you don't succeed...

Preventing someone from doing something

Preventing someone from doing something is expressions to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something or going somewhere. The rules are intended to prevent accidents.

Expression of Preventing :

· You mustn’t…!

· You shouldn’t (really)

· You’d better not…

· (for goodness sake) don’t look!

· You can’t…!

· You’re not (really) supposed to…

· I don’t really think you should…

· Stop! Wait! (or other imperatives)

Blamming and Accusing Someone

Blaming ( menyalahkan )

Blaming : when someone said that person did a mistake that should be her/his responsibility, like choosing wrong way.

Blaming is an expression that is used to say on somebody the responsibility for something done (badly or wrongly) or not done: He blamed his teacher for his failure.

Blaming is finding fault: if you don’t do the work well, you will incur.

Expressing Blaming

expression

It was your fault

You are the one to blame

Serves you right

You are to blame for steel my …

response

Ø I’m sorry. It’s my fault

Ø Sorry for my fault

Ø I’m sorry for the things. I’ve donne

Ø It’s my responsibility. I’m sorry

Accusing (menuduh)

expression when someone said that person did something wrong although she/he doesn’t know the truth, like stealing.

Say that somebody has done wrong or broken the law: She accused me of theft.

Expressing Accusing

Expression

It must have been you who did it

I think you're the only person who could have done it

You must be doing something wrong

You must be the doer

Response

I’m sorry. It’s my fault

Sorry for my fault

I’m sorry for the things. I’ve donne

It’s my responsibility. I’m sorry

Admitting Mistakes and Making Promises

Admitting Mistakes

Admitting mistake is the way to admit and ask for a sorry of your mistake.

Note :

Mistake is a misunderstanding or misconception or an error in action, calculation, opinion, or judgement caused by poor reasoning, carelessness, insufficient knowledge, etc.

When you have a mistake to someone you need to plead your mistake, so the problem will be clear.

Benefits of admitting mistakes :

it demonstrates your courage
It demonstrates your humanity
It engenders more trusting relationship
It creates greater organizational value

Admitting mistakes expressions :

I’m sorry, it’s my fault.
You’re right. I’m fully responsible for this matter.
I admit what I’ve done is wrong.
I realize I’ve made mistakes.
Yes, I take the blame.
It’s my istakes. Forgive me.
It shouldn’t be like this. Forgive me.
I never intended it that way

Responds an admit of mistake:

Don’t mention it.
That would be okay
Just take it easy
Let it go
Forget it
That’s fine
I give you sorry
It doesn’t matter for me

Making Promises

Making promise is the expression how express your promise to someone.

Before make a promise :

Think about the promise before you make it
Be honest about your capabilities
Talk about the promise with another person
Watch the things that you promised
Keep your mouth

Making promises expressions :

I swear
I promise
Trust me, I can
I will pick you up
I assure you that I will return it on time
I won’t go, I swear to stay here
I swear I will not let you down
Don’t worry, I’ll see you before i leave

Respond a promise :

Thank you
I believe you
Let me be assured
Okay
Just let the time to answer
I wish you can keep on your promise
I’ll wait for you
Really ?
I give you one more time
I wish you are not kidding me in this time

The three core business activities :

Make the promise
Keep the promise
Track the promise

Asking about Possibilities, Expressing Curiosity and Desire, Expressing Views

To know, to find, to inform possibilities the following phrases might be useful.

Do you think it is possible

· Is it likely to….
· Is there any chance?
· Can she be…?
· I think it is going to….
· I bet…..
· It’s quite possible
· It seems probable
· It looks like
· It is not unlikely
· It is more than likely…..
· I won’t be surprised if……
· In all likelihood…..
· Would there be any possibility of …..?
· Do you think we are capable of…..?
· Would it be possible for (somebody) to …..?
· I think that would be possible …..
· Is it possible to …..?
· Yes, there is a possibility ….

Asking something if it is possible

Is it possible to ... ?
Is there any possibility of ... ?
What are the chances of ...?
What possibility is there that ... ?
What's the possibility of ... ?

Saying something is possible

It's possible ...
There's a good possibility.
Chances are ...
They will probably ...
Perhaps.
That''s very possible.
There's a possibility of ...

Expressing Curiosity and Desire

· What I’d really like to find out is …

· I’d be very interested to know …

· I’ve been meaning to ask you.

· I’d like to know …

· I wish I knew …

· I’d love to know …

· What’s on your mind?

· I wonder …?

· I wonder what it really is.

· I was just wondering how to do it

· I wonder why he could do such thing to her

· I wonder if she likes studying here.

· That's amazing. How did you do that?

· How marvelous. How come?

· I wonder at her directness.

“Curiosity”, a feel that happen when we really want to know about something. Usually “curiosity” happens when we see something strange or something new. Let’s describe it as follow:

Situation 1

Sarah : “I’m so curious about the new student.”

Farhan : “Yeah, me too. Let’s wait for her. She loves coming to the library during the break.”

Situation 2

Khadis : “You look so happy. I’m interested to know what happen to you.”

Sarah : “Sure, Dad. I got the highest score for math again.”

Khadis : “Really? So, congratulation.”

Situation 3

Sarah : “Why are you staring me like that?”

Farhan : “I wonder why you could be smarter than me.”

Sarah : “Because I’m your sister, hehe..…”

EXPRESSING VIEWS

in my view / opinion

I think we would normally drop point of and simply say in his view(in my view / in their opinion / etc):

In my view, birds should not be kept in cages.
How important is it, in your view, that the twins should stay together? ~ In my opinion, it's very important.

If we want to use point of view, I think we would more often sayfrom my point of view rather than according to my point of view. Both these expressions emphasise the position or angle you are judging the situation from:

From my point of view it makes no difference whether you return on Saturday night or Sunday morning.
From a political point of view, the agreement of the UN is extremely important.
From the point of view of safety, always wear a helmet when you are on the building site.

to my mind / etc

In my view, from my point of view, in my opinion are all fairly formal ways of expressing your opinion characteristic of written English. Less formal equivalents more characteristic of spoken English, include the following:

to my mind: to emphasise that this is your opinion

reckon: usually to express an opinion about what Is likely to happen

feel: to express a strong personal opinion

if you ask me: to express an opinion that may be critical

to be honest (with you): to express a critical opinion without seeming rude

as far as I'm concerned: to express an opinion that may be different from others'

To my mind the quality of their football is just not good enough.
I reckon it'll rain later today. Let's go tomorrow.
I feel she shouldn't be getting married so young.
If you ask me, it's unreasonable to pay for something which should be free.
To be honest (with you), I'm surprised you got into university with such low grades.
As far as I'm concerned, the matter is over and done with and we can now move forward.

academic writing and expressing opinions

If you are required to write an academic essay in which you are asked to express an opinion (see below), useful alternatives to in my view include:

I think that…

It seems to me that…

I would argue that…

I do not believe that…

I am unconvinced that…

I do not agree that…

How acceptable is it for wild animals to be kept in zoos?
I believe that it is quite unacceptable for animals to be kept in zoos. It seems to me that when they are confined to a cage they never have enough room to move around. I would argue that it is kinder to allow a rare animal to die naturally in the wilds rather than to prolong its life artificially in a zoo.

making concessions

To achieve balance in any essay, it may be useful to incorporate opinions that are different from your own. Useful linking words and expressions include:

Of course, many / some people argue…

It is sometimes argued…

Admittedly…

While…

It is sometimes argued that it is possible for conditions in the zoo to replicate the wild animal's natural habitat. While this may be feasible for smaller reptiles, it will never be possible, in my view, for the larger mammals which needs acres of space to roam around in.

clarifying an opinion

It may sometimes be necessary to explain a thought in greater detail. Useful linking expressions for doing this include:

By this I mean…

Here I'm referring to…

To be more precise…

That is to say…

By spending money on confining wild animals to zoos, we are wasting resources. By this I mean there are more urgent economic problems to deal with: hospitals and schools should be our first priority

Discussion Text

Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue. The purpose of a discussion text is to present arguments and information from differing viewpoints.

Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense.

Points to check:
Have you been fair to both sides? Have you supported your views with reasons ande vidence? In your conclusion, have you given a reason for what you have decided?

Structure of a discussion are:
Issue : contains of statement and preview about something.
Arguments for/Supporting arguments : after stating the issue, it is necessary to present the argument to support that one point is agreeing.
Arguments against : beside the supporting argument, discussion text need the arguments which disagree to the stated issue.
Recommendation/conclusion : It is used to tell how to solve issue by concerning the arguements for and against.

Language Features of Discussion Text

· Introducing category or generic participant
· Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc
· Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc
· Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, on the hand, however, etc
· Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc
· Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc
· Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc

Bringing Mobile Phone To School

[Issue] Students are not allowed to bring mobile phone to school. The reasons why they shouldn't bring mobile phone are: avoiding losing mobile phone and disturbing the lesson time.

[Argument against] This policy causes parents to react. Some of them disagrees. They think students need to bring mobile phone in order to be easy checked and controlled. Some parents say that they may call their children every break time to check whether they are in the school or not. Other parents state that they don't want their children to come home late. By bringing mobile phone they are able to call their children after school off.

[Argument against] Students also have some objections. They need mobile phone to tell their family to pick them up after school. Beside that, they need mobile phone to access the internet to search some information they need during the lesson.

[Argument for] But, some other parents think differently. The parents agrees if the school prohibits students to bring mobile phone. They say that bringing mobile phone to school is useless. They are afraid their students are busy with their mobile phone. They are only calling, sending text, chatting and receiving inappropriate file during the school time. They are also worried if the mobile phone is missing.

[Recommendation] By hearing to those arguments, the school decide some policies. The policies state that students may bring mobile phone but they should leave their mobile phone in the teachers' room. They may take their mobile phone after school time.

Making Suggestion and Requesting Something

There are a number of ways used when making suggestions :

1) WHAT ABOUT/HOW ABOUT ... + Base form + -ING

• What about going to the swimming pool tomorrow?

• How about going to the swimming pool tomorrow?

2) WHY + Negative

• Why don't we go to the swimming pool tomorrow?

3) IMPERATIVE: Let's + Base form

• Let's go to the swimming pool tomorrow!

4) COULD

• We could go to the swimming pool tomorrow.

5) DO YOU WANT + the infinitive

• Do you want to go to the swimming pool tomorrow?

Making a Suggestion	Responding
• I suggest that … • I would suggest that … • My suggestion is … • What about … • Perhaps we should … • We’d better/ we must … • A possible solution to your problem is …	• That’s a good idea • It’s a good suggestion, thanks. • You are right. • Yes, let’s do it • I think so • Yes, you’re right. • That’s what is in my mind

Requesting Something is what we say when we want to ask someone to do something for us

ASK SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING FOR YOU

Requesting

• Would you mind …, please?

• Can/Could you …?

• Will/Would you …?

• Please …

Accepting Requests

• Sure, I’d be glad/happy to …

• Of course/Certainly.

• No problem.

• Sure. Just a moment.

Refusing Requests

• I’d loved to, but …

• It sounds great, but …

• I’m/sorry, but …

• Sorry to say that …

Example making polite request :

• Could you open the window for me, please?

• Would you mind closing the door for us, please?"

• Can you close the door for me, please?

• Could you possibly show me the way to the post office, please?

• Would you help me with this exercise, please?

The responses for that polite request can be

• Sure.

• Certainly.

• Why not

• With a pleasure.

• I'd be glad to.

• I am afraid I can't.

• I am sorry I can't.

The pattern

• Would you mind is followed by the verb and -ing.

ASKING IF YOU CAN DO SOMETHING

Asking polite permission to do something

• "Can I use your phone, please?"

• "Could I borrow some money from you, please?"

• "Do you mind if I turn on television?"

• "Would you mind if I turned off the lamp?"

The responses can be

• No. I don't mind

• Not at all

• No, of course not

• No, that would be fine

• I am afraid, yes

• Yes, I do mind

The pattern

• Could is more polite than can.

• Do you mind if…" is followed by the verb in the present tense.

• would you mind if… is followed by the verb in the past tense.

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